The most striking fact revealed by investigations of insect neurohormones is that insects are as well supplied with neurohormones as mammals, since neurohor mones regulate not only the functioning of the endocrine glands, prothoracic gland, and corpora allata, but also most physiological processes. Our knowledge of neurohormones developed originally from anat omocytological investigations and experimental studies. Today, accurate bio assays have been devised for studying both in vivo and in vitro physiological processes, and RIA determination has yielded knowledge of titer modifications of humoral factors. Much is also known about neurohormone purification, and several neurohormones have even been identified in different species. Immunocytochemistry has made it possible to demonstrate in their origin and release sites the presence of insect neurohormones whose structure has been elucidated. Moreover, the presence of vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides has been demonstrated in insects. As regards biogenic amines, methods of detection have been greatly refined and it is now possible to identify the cell bodies and axons of the main biogenic amines. Other new methods, such as cobalt chloride impregnation or Lucifer yellow staining, have revealed the axonal pathways and the location of particular neurons. The mechanisms of action of neurohormones have been investigated in several cases and the results of these investigations will be related in the chapters which follow."

1 Introduction The esophagus is a relatively simple though vital organ. It consists of a two-layered muscular tube whose lumen is lined by squamous strati?ed epithelium. Beyond its role of propelling food from the pharynx to the stomach by a propulsive contraction wave representing the esophageal phase of deglutition (Conklin and Christensen 1994; Jean 2001), it is more and more recognized as a sensory organ from which a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular re?exes can be triggered, thus coop- ating with the larynx in protecting the lower airways from aspiration (Barthelemy et al. 1996; Lang et al. 2002; Lang et al. 2001; Loomis et al. 1997; Medda et al. 2003). In ruminants, there is additional antiperistalsis for regurgitation. During emesis, the esophagus is a merely passive conduit except for some antiperistalsis in its upper part. In the interval between swallows, both oral and aboral ends of the esophagus are tonically closed by the upper and lower esophageal sphincters, UES and LES respectively, while the tubular esophagus is ?accid and partly ?lled with air. Despite this apparent simplicity, neuronal control of esophageal functions is quite complex.

"It is Easter Sunday, April 1945, early in the morning, maybe just dawn. We stand still, like frozen grey statues. Us. Seven hundred and thirty women, wrapped in wet, grey, threadbare blankets, standing in the rain. Our blankets hang over our heads, drape down to the soil. We hold them closed with our hands from the inside, leaving only a small opening to peer out, so that we save the precious warmth of our breath." ("from Chapter 5")

So begins the author's sojourn, her search for freedom that begins with the chaotic barrenness in which she found herself after her liberation on Easter Sunday, April 1945, and takes her across several continents and half a lifetime.

Raab paints a brief yet moving picture of her idyllic life before her internment and the shock and the horrors of Auschwitz, but it is in the images of life after her liberation, that Raab imparts her most poignant story -- a story told in a clear, almost sparse, always honest style, a story of the brutal, and, at times, the beautiful facts of human nature.

This book will appeal to a number of audiences -- to readers interested in human nature under the most trying circumstances, to historians of World War II or Jewish history, to veterans and their families who lived through World War II, and to those interested in politics and the evils of political extremism.

Shortlisted for the 1998 Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-fiction.

Winner of the 1999 Jewish Book Committee award for best Holocaust memoir.

"Writers On The Edge" offers a range of essays, memoirs and poetry written by major contemporary authors who bring fresh insight into the dark world of addiction, from drugs and alcohol, to sex, gambling and food. Editors Diana M. Raab and James Brown have assembled an array of talented and courageous writers who share their stories with heartbreaking honesty as they share their obsessions as well as the awe-inspiring power of hope and redemption.
"Open to any piece in this collection, and the scalding, unflinching, overwhelming truths within will shine light on places most people never look. Anyone who reads this book, be they users or used, will put it down changed. And when they raise their eyes from the very last page, the world they see may be redeemed, as well." --Jerry Stahl, author of Permanent Midnight
CONTRIBUTORS: Frederick & Steven Barthelme, Kera Bolonik, Margaret Bullitt-Jonas, Maud Casey, Anna David, Denise Duhamel, B.H. Fairchild, Ruth Fowler, David Huddle Perie Longo, Gregory Orr, Victoria Patterson, Molly Peacock, Scott Russell Sanders, Stephen Jay Schwartz, Linda Gray Sexton, Sue William Silverman, Chase Twichell, and Rachel Yoder
About the Editors
Diana M. Raab, an award-winning memoirist and poet, is author of six books including "Healing With Words" and "Regina's Closet." She's an advocate of the healing power of writing and teaches nation-wide workshops and in the UCLA Extension Writers' Program.
James Brown, a recovering alcoholic and addict, is the author of the memoirs, " The Los Angeles Diaries" and "This River." He is Professor of English in the MFA Program in Creative Writing at California State University, San Bernardino.
From the Reflections of America Series
Modern History Press www.ModernHistoryPress.com
SEL006000 Self-Help: Substance Abuse & Addictions - Alcoholism
SEL003000 Self-Help: Adult Children of Alcoholics
PSY038000 Psychology: Psychopathology - Addiction

"Writers On The Edge" offers a range of essays, memoirs and poetry written by major contemporary authors who bring fresh insight into the dark world of addiction, from drugs and alcohol, to sex, gambling and food. Editors Diana M. Raab and James Brown have assembled an array of talented and courageous writers who share their stories with heartbreaking honesty as they share their obsessions as well as the awe-inspiring power of hope and redemption.
"Open to any piece in this collection, and the scalding, unflinching, overwhelming truths within will shine light on places most people never look. Anyone who reads this book, be they users or used, will put it down changed. And when they raise their eyes from the very last page, the world they see may be redeemed, as well." --Jerry Stahl, author of Permanent Midnight
""Writers On The Edge" is a thoughtful compendium of first-person narratives by writers who have managed to use their despair to create beauty. A must-read for anyone in the recovery field." --Leonard Buschel, Founder, Writers In Treatment CONTRIBUTORS: Frederick & Steven Barthelme, Kera Bolonik, Margaret Bullitt-Jonas, Maud Casey, Anna David, Denise Duhamel, B.H. Fairchild, Ruth Fowler, David Huddle Perie Longo, Gregory Orr, Victoria Patterson, Molly Peacock, Scott Russell Sanders, Stephen Jay Schwartz, Linda Gray Sexton, Sue William Silverman, Chase Twichell, and Rachel Yoder
About the Editors
Diana M. Raab, an award-winning memoirist and poet, is author of six books including "Healing With Words" and "Regina's Closet." She's an advocate of the healing power of writing and teaches nation-wide workshops and in the UCLA Extension Writers' Program.
James Brown, a recovering alcoholic and addict, is the author of the memoirs, " The Los Angeles Diaries" and "This River." He is Professor of English in the MFA Program in Creative Writing at California State University, San Bernardino.
From the Reflections of America Series
Modern History Press www.ModernHistoryPress.com
SEL006000 Self-Help: Substance Abuse & Addictions - Alcoholism
SEL003000 Self-Help: Adult Children of Alcoholics
PSY038000 Psychology: Psychopathology - Addiction

"Healing With Words: A Writer's Cancer Journey" is a compassionate and wry self-help memoir written by an award-winning prolific author, nurse and poet, who at the age of forty-seven found her life shattered first by a DCIS (early breast cancer) diagnosis and five years later by another, seemingly unrelated and incurable cancer--multiple myeloma. The book includes the author's experiences, reflections, poetry and journal entries, in addition to writing prompts for readers to express their own personal story. Raab's journals have provided a safe haven and platform to validate and express her feelings. Raab views journaling to be like a daily vitamin--in that it heals, detoxifies and is essential for optimal health.
Readers will learn to: Understand the importance of early cancer detection and how to take control of their own health Discover the power of writing to release bottled-up emotions Learn how the process of journaling can facilitate healing See how a cancer diagnosis can be a riveting event which can renew and change a person in a unique way
Praise for Raab's "Healing With Words":
"One woman's story, beautifully told and inspiring to those for whom journaling will ease a cancer diagnosis."
--Barbara Delinsky, author UPLIFT: Secrets from the Sisterhood of Breast Cancer Survivors
"Time after time, Diana articulates incisively the thoughts and feelings that convey hoped-for meaning and encouragement. She is a woman who knows what it is to live fully in the face of mortality. She will add value to the life of every person who reads this book. Healing With Words resonates at a spiritual level for me."
--Sena Jeter Naslund, author of Ahab's Wife and Abundance: A Novel of Marie Antoinette
Author's proceeds from the sale of this book donated to benefit the Mayo Clinic Foundation
Learn more at www.DianaRaab.com
Another inspirational book from Loving Healing Press www.LovingHealing.com
HEA039031 Health & Fitness: Diseases - Breast Cancer
SEL501000 Self-Help: Journal Writing
MED058160 Nursing - Oncology & Cancer

Diana Raab will write anywhere about anything to not only rid herself of childhood "ails" but to enjoy herself completely, even poking fun at her foibles. She takes a close and courageous look at all her life's experiences, and in so doing, shares her wisdom and forgiveness of self and others with a raw honesty that is both refreshing and inspirational. Her poems are, as she writes of her ancestors, "bright candles trembling in their own wax."
Perie Longo,
Santa Barbara Poet Laureate Emerita, author of With Nothing Behind But Sky
The poems in Diana Raab's The Guilt Gene deftly delineate the stages of a woman's life. From the quotidian chores of walking the dog and picking up dry cleaning to the small miracle of finding three whole watermelons on the beach, Raab savors her American life and invites you to join her.
Molly Fisk, Listening to Winter
The Guilt Gene is a prism with a hundred facets offering glance and glimpse and deep seeing into encounters with love, loss, longing, and epiphany. From an author who has taught us the power of memory and story, these poems take us along the road from a World War II typewriter to the eyes of an old dog. Poetry here reminds us to heed what calls to us daily.
Kim Stafford,
The Muses Among Us: Eloquent Listening and Other Pleasures of the Writer's Craft
The Guilt Gene, Diana Raab's second book of poetry, has the straight-forward confessional tone that distinguishes her best work whether in prose or poetry. Eschewing high flying metaphor and dressed up formality, she confines her subject matter to her inner life and her journal-keeping voice and makes her poems through an emphasis on the line. Her poetry does not pretend to have figured things out; rather, this work is her process of figuring them out, of sorting her past and contemplating her present. The best of these poems derive their beauty from a disarming frankness and a heart that is open, willing to find a personal truth and say it.
Philip F. Deaver, How Men Pray

"Healing With Words: A Writer's Cancer Journey" is a compassionate andwry self-help memoir written by an award-winning prolific author, nurse andpoet, who at the age of forty-seven found her life shattered first by a DCIS(early breast cancer) diagnosis and five years later by another, seemingly unrelatedand incurable cancer--multiple myeloma. The book includes the author'sexperiences, reflections, poetry and journal entries, in addition to writingprompts for readers to express their own personal story.Raab's journals have provided a safe haven and platform to validate and expressher feelings. Raab views journaling to be like a daily vitamin--in that itheals, detoxifies and is essential for optimal health.
Readers will learn to: Understand the importance of early cancer detection and how to take control of their own healthDiscover the power of writing to release bottled-up emotionsLearn how the process of journaling can facilitate healingSee how a cancer diagnosis can be a riveting event which can renew and change a person in a unique way
Praise for Raab's "Healing With Words"
"One woman's story, beautifully told and inspiring to those for whomjournaling will ease a cancer diagnosis."
--Barbara Delinsky, author UPLIFT: Secrets from the Sisterhood of Breast Cancer Survivors
"Time after time, Diana articulates incisively the thoughts and feelings thatconvey hoped-for meaning and encouragement. She is a woman who knowswhat it is to live fully in the face of mortality. She will add value to the life ofevery person who reads this book. Healing With Words resonates at a spirituallevel for me."
--Sena Jeter Naslund, author of Ahab's Wife and Abundance: A Novel of Marie Antoinette
Author's proceeds from the sale of this book donated to benefit the Mayo Clinic Foundation
Learn more at www.DianaRaab.com
Another inspirational book from Loving Healing Press www.LovingHealing.com
HEA039031 Health & Fitness: Diseases - Breast Cancer
SEL501000 Self-Help: Journal Writing
MED058160 Nursing - Oncology & Cancer

Diana M. Raab's Dear Anais: My Life in Poems for You is not only a tribute to the late diarist, but also a tribute to diaries themselves. Each of the book's poems, culled from Raab's own journal, offers intimate portraitures, tiny memoirs in verse. Raab's poetry is seductive in its earnestness, appealing in its vulnerability, mystery, and enchantment.
Denise Duhamel, poet, author of Two and Two and Queen for a Day: Selected and New Poems
Raab's skill is as a poet, but her passages are as intimate as a diary. She reconstructs her past mirroring Nin's emotional honesty. The reader never feels voyeuristic reading the intimate passages, but feels like a confidant, friend and maybe even a lover.
Steve Reigns, Nin scholar, poet, and editor of My Life is Poetry
In Diana Raab's "imaginary world.people drip with stories / and linger in bookstores and cafes / slurping foamy cappuccinos / and nibbling chocolate cake." And the poems in Dear Anais are, indeed, rife with both stories and the extravagantly various things of this world: Laundromats and writers' conferences, steel-tipped boots and champagne, patched jeans and paramedics, blueberries and autographed photos of Paul Newman. While the book does pay homage to Anais Nin-to her eroticism and wry humor and exquisite journals-it also vividly evoke's Raab's own life, particularly her family memories. Like Nin, Raab is indefatigable in her desire to commit one woman's life to paper.
David Starkey, author of Ways of Being Dead
Praise for Diana Raab's memoir Regina's Closet:
" Raab makes Regina's Closet a walk-in book, complete with recovered documents and packed with the sumptuous, minute, domestic, tormented and romantic details of one fully-lived life and another plucky life lived in answer to it."
Molly Peacock, poet, author of Cornucopia: New & Selected Poems